Artifact
Counselor Ethical Boundaries and Practices
James H. Cook
CNL-505-O500: Professional Counseling, Ethical, and Legal Considerations
Dr. Trisha Guy
August 25, 2021
Counselor Ethical Boundaries and Practices
Foundational to the professional life of a counselor are their ethics and relationships. A counselor’s thinking and comportment must be tightly moored to the ethics prescribed by their faith, their trade, and the law – with pre-eminence always given to the standard which sets the highest bar for any one aspect of their behavior.
According to Oramas (2017), a method to ensure ethical considerations remain central in a counselor's practice is ethical reflection. This involves regularly taking time to consider decisions, judgments, and ethical implications from multiple perspectives, reflecting on biases, prejudices, and opposing viewpoints. It’s a meditative process aimed at cultivating devout ethical behavior rather than merely adhering to ethics.
Relationships are the cornerstone of counseling. They are essential for establishing trust, ongoing professional development, collaboration, and support networks. At the same time, counselors must navigate the fine line between appropriate and inappropriate relationships. While some relationships may be permissible with caution, many are impermissible and require adherence to strict ethical boundaries.
The following section will explore grey area and clearly impermissible relationships, otherwise referred to as boundary crossing/dual relationships. Subsequent sections will examine ethics and relationship issues associated with multidisciplinary teams, supervisors, and colleagues. The paper will conclude with a short overview of how the author’s perspective on counselor ethics has evolved during the course in which this paper is assigned.
Boundary Issues and Dual Relationships
Maintaining appropriate boundaries is crucial for counselors. Boundary crossings, such as attending a client's wedding, may sometimes be permissible but require careful consideration to avoid ethical violations. The American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics (2014) prohibits certain dual relationships, such as romantic or sexual interactions with clients, their families, or former clients within five years of professional contact (A.5.a-c). Other prohibited relationships include those with friends, family members, or virtual relationships (A.5.d-e). Violating these boundaries can lead to serious legal and ethical repercussions, including the loss of licensure and liability.
To maintain boundaries, Hartmann (1997) proposes a model of “thick” and “thin” boundaries. Thick boundaries allow for a stronger sense of personal space and decorum in the counselor-client relationship, while thin boundaries enable emotional sensitivity and empathy. Maintaining thick boundaries is crucial for preserving objectivity and avoiding harm to clients. Counselors can create strong boundaries through informed consent documentation, clear verbal and non-verbal communication, appropriate office design, and self-awareness to detect early signs of boundary violations.
In some situations, dual relationships may be unavoidable. For instance, a counselor in a small town might have no choice but to treat a client who shares a social setting, like a church, with them. Nickel (2004) notes that refusing to treat a client due to a dual relationship could be more harmful than having the relationship. While these relationships can create challenges, counselors must still be vigilant to avoid potential harm to clients.
Professional Collaboration: Working with Multidisciplinary Teams
Collaboration in multidisciplinary teams is essential for providing comprehensive care. Effective teamwork in counseling requires a shared commitment to client welfare and an appreciation for the diversity of perspectives and skills within the team. O’Hara et al. (2019) emphasize that the strength of a multidisciplinary team lies in merging diverse viewpoints to create innovative solutions for clients. Professionals, including psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, medical doctors, and counselors from various specialties, work together to enhance client well-being by integrating their unique skills and knowledge.
Relationships with Supervisors and Colleagues
Counselor supervisors play a critical role in guiding and mentoring their supervisees. According to the ACA Code of Ethics (2014), supervisors should provide informed consent, outlining the expectations, roles, and rights in the supervisory relationship. Supervisors also monitor the supervisee’s performance, offering constructive feedback, encouragement, and professional guidance. Corey et al. (2015) state that supervisors should help supervisees refine their skills, ensuring they are prepared to serve a range of diverse clients effectively.
Supervisors bear legal and ethical responsibility for their supervisees' actions. They must ensure that the supervisee’s actions align with the best interests of their clients and that they are professionally competent. A supervisor’s role as a mentor involves ensuring that the supervisee’s development is aligned with ethical standards and that their clients receive the best possible care.
Development of Thinking about Ethics
Reflecting on my own growth throughout this course, I have gained a deeper understanding of two key ethical aspects. First, I was unaware that counselors are ethically obligated to take on clients whose beliefs and values drastically differ from their own. It is important to respect the client’s needs, even if there are stark differences, as long as the counselor does not violate ethical standards. Second, I now have a greater appreciation for the significance of cultural competence. Understanding different cultures is vital to providing ethical and effective counseling. Each culture has unique norms, customs, and values that impact counseling processes, making it essential for counselors to become culturally fluent in their practice.
Conclusion
The satisfaction in counseling comes from the relationships built with clients and colleagues, and these relationships must be nurtured within the ethical boundaries set by the profession. Counselors must carefully navigate ethical dilemmas, establish and maintain boundaries, and collaborate with others in the best interest of the client. By doing so, counselors not only uphold the integrity of the profession but also contribute meaningfully to the well-being of those they serve.
References
American Counseling Association. (2014). ACA Code of Ethics. https://www.counseling.org/resources/aca-code-of-ethics.phf
Ashley, M. (2018). The working alliance, beliefs about the supervisor, and counseling self-efficacy: Applying the relational efficacy model to counselor supervision. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(4), 512-522. https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2018-33326-008&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=eds1
Corey, G., Corey, M. S., Corey, C. & Callanan, P. (2014). Issues and ethics in the helping professions, (9th ed.). Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions | WebViewer (gcu.edu)
Hartmann, E. (1997). The concept of Boundaries in counseling and psychotherapy. British Journal of Guidance & Counseling, 25(1), 147-148. https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9707024743&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=eds1
Nickel, M. (2004). Professional boundaries: The dilemma of dual & multiple relationships in rural clinical practice. Counseling & Clinical Psychology Journal, 1(1), 17–22. https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=12167361&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=eds1
O’Hara, K., Duchschere, J., Shanholtz, C., Reznik, S., Beck, C., & Lawrence, E. (2019). Multidisciplinary partnership: Targeting aggression and mental health problems of adolescents in detentions. American Psychologist, 74(3), 329-342. https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edswss&AN=000463341400006&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=eds1
Oramas, J. (2017). Counseling ethics: Overview of challenges, responsibilities, and recommended practices. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 9(3), 47-58. https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=128640003&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=eds1
Wilcoxon, S., Remley, Jr., T., & Gladding, S. (2017). Ethical, legal, and professional issues in the practice of marriage and family therapy (5th ed.). Pearson Education.